Category: Digital Platforms

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Mac Shortcuts – You May Never Need to use a Mouse or Trackpad Again…Just Sayin’

I know everyone can just goto a help page. But, here’s a list of Shortcuts for Mac Users

100 keyboard shortcuts for Mac Users

  1. Command + C: Copy
  2. Command + V: Paste
  3. Command + X: Cut
  4. Command + A: Select all
  5. Command + Z: Undo
  6. Command + Shift + Z: Redo
  7. Command + F: Find
  8. Command + G: Find next
  9. Command + Shift + G: Find previous
  10. Command + S: Save
  11. Command + Shift + S: Save as
  12. Command + O: Open
  13. Command + W: Close window
  14. Command + Q: Quit
  15. Command + N: New window
  16. Command + T: New tab
  17. Command + Shift + T: Reopen last closed tab
  18. Command + Tab: Switch between open applications
  19. Command + Shift + Tab: Switch between open applications in reverse order
  20. Command + Option + Esc: Force quit application
  21. Command + Space: Open Spotlight search
  22. Command + Shift + 3: Take a screenshot of the entire screen
  23. Command + Shift + 4: Take a screenshot of selected area
  24. Command + Shift + 4, then Space: Take a screenshot of a window
  25. Command + Delete: Move selected item to Trash
  26. Command + Shift + Delete: Empty Trash
  27. Command + Up Arrow: Scroll to the top of a document or web page
  28. Command + Down Arrow: Scroll to the bottom of a document or web page
  29. Command + Left Arrow: Move to the beginning of a line
  30. Command + Right Arrow: Move to the end of a line
  31. Command + Shift + Up Arrow: Highlight text from the current cursor position to the beginning of a document or web page
  32. Command + Shift + Down Arrow: Highlight text from the current cursor position to the end of a document or web page
  33. Command + Shift + Left Arrow: Highlight text from the current cursor position to the beginning of a line
  34. Command + Shift + Right Arrow: Highlight text from the current cursor position to the end of a line
  35. Command + Option + D: Show/hide Dock
  36. Command + Option + Control + Esc: Force restart Mac
  37. Command + Option + Control + Power button: Force shutdown Mac
  38. Command + Shift + N: Create a new folder
  39. Command + Shift + A: Open Applications folder
  40. Command + Shift + U: Open Utilities folder
  41. Command + Shift + H: Open Home folder
  42. Command + Shift + D: Open Desktop folder
  43. Command + Shift + G: Open Go to Folder dialog box
  44. Command + Option + M: Minimize all windows
  45. Command + Option + V: Move files to another folder without copying them
  46. Command + Option + P: Show/hide Preview pane in Finder
  47. Command + Option + L: Show/hide Sidebar in Finder
  48. Command + Option + C: Copy selected item to the Clipboard
  49. Command + Option + N: Create a new folder in the current location
  50. Command + Option + T: Add files to Finder sidebar
  51. Command + Shift + A: Open Applications folder
  52. Command + Shift + G: Open Go to Folder dialog box
  53. Command + Shift + H: Open Home folder
  54. Command + Shift + I: Open iCloud Drive
  55. Command + Shift + O: Open Documents folder
  56. Command + Shift + U: Open Utilities folder
  57. Command + Option + Esc: Force quit an application
  58. Command + Option + Shift + Esc: Force quit frontmost application
  59. Command + Option + Control + Esc: Quit all applications and restart computer
  60. Command + Shift + 1: View as icons
  61. Command + Shift + 2: View as list
  62. Command + Shift + 3: View as columns
  63. Command + Shift + 4: View as cover flow
  64. Command + Option + S: Show/hide Sidebar in Safari
  65. Command + Option + B: Show/hide Bookmarks bar in Safari
  66. Command + Option + P: Show/hide Favorites bar in Safari
  67. Command + Option + R: Reload web page in Safari
  68. Command + Option + F: Enter full-screen mode in Safari
  69. Command + Option + L: Show/hide Downloads window in Safari
  70. Command + Option + D: Add current webpage to Reading List in Safari
  71. Command + Option + C: Show/hide Web Inspector in Safari
  72. Command + Option + T: Open new tab in Safari
  73. Command + Shift + T: Reopen last closed tab in Safari
  74. Command + Number: Open corresponding bookmark in Safari
  75. Command + Shift + [ or ]: Switch between tabs in Safari
  76. Command + Click: Open link in new tab in Safari
  77. Command + Shift + Click: Open link in new window in Safari
  78. Command + Option + Click: Download linked file in Safari
  79. Option + Tab: Switch between open applications in reverse order
  80. Option + Shift + Tab: Switch between open applications
  81. Control + Tab: Switch between tabs in a tabbed application
  82. Control + Shift + Tab: Switch between tabs in a tabbed application in reverse order
  83. Control + Option + Command + Eject: Quit all applications and restart computer
  84. Control + Option + Command + Power button: Quit all applications and shut down computer
  85. Control + Command + F: Toggle full-screen mode in some applications
  86. Control + Command + D: Show definition of selected word
  87. Control + Option + Command + D: Show/hide Dock
  88. Control + Command + Space: Open Emoji & Symbols window
  89. Control + Option + Command + 8: Invert colors of screen
  90. Control + Option + Command + Comma: Decrease display contrast
  91. Control + Option + Command + Period: Increase display contrast
  92. Control + Command + Power button: Put computer to sleep
  93. Control + Shift + Power button: Put display to sleep
  94. Control + Option + Command + T: Add or remove time zone
  95. Control + Shift + Command + T: Add or remove time zone in reverse order
  96. Control + Command + F1: Toggle VoiceOver on/off
  97. Control + Option + Command + F2: Toggle Zoom on/off
  98. Control + Option + Command + F3: Toggle Invert Colors on/off
  99. Control + Option + Command + F4: Toggle Grayscale on/off
  100. Command + Click and drag over a column of links: Highlight the column of links and open each link in its own tab.

I hope that helps!

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Production Tips: Flawless Live Television Events

Every live televised event has its challenges. Whether you’re producing sports, news, gaming events, each has different, and similar demands. If you keep the following in mind during the pre through post process, it can be a flaw-free event and a fantastic experience for not only the audience, but your crew and stakeholders.

1. Plan ahead and create a comprehensive rundown of the event: This means taking the time to plan out every aspect of the event, from the content to the technical requirements. Creating a comprehensive rundown of the event helps ensure that everything is accounted for and that everyone is on the same page.

2. Hire experienced professionals for the technical crew and production team: Hiring experienced professionals ensures that the technical and production aspects of the event are handled by people who know what they’re doing. This helps reduce the likelihood of technical issues and ensures a high-quality production.

3. Select the right equipment and cameras for the event: The right equipment and cameras can make a big difference in the quality of the production. Make sure to select equipment that is appropriate for the size and scope of the event.

4. Conduct a site survey to ensure proper lighting and sound: A site survey helps identify any potential issues with lighting and sound, and allows you to make adjustments before the event.

5. Prepare contingency plans for possible technical issues or emergencies: No matter how well you plan, technical issues and emergencies can still arise. It’s important to have contingency plans in place to ensure that the event can continue even if something goes wrong.

6. Rehearse the event with the crew and talent: Rehearsing the event helps ensure that everyone knows their roles and responsibilities, and that the event runs smoothly.

7. Assign clear roles and responsibilities to the crew and talent: Clear roles and responsibilities help ensure that everyone knows what they’re supposed to be doing, which helps reduce confusion and mistakes.

8. Use a production script to ensure smooth transitions and timing: A production script helps ensure that the event runs smoothly and that everything is timed properly.

9. Have backup equipment on hand: Backup equipment helps ensure that the event can continue even if something goes wrong with the primary equipment.

10. Use a dedicated communication system for the crew: A dedicated communication system helps ensure that everyone can communicate with each other quickly and easily.

11. Use multiple camera angles to capture different perspectives: Multiple camera angles help provide a more dynamic viewing experience and allow the production team to capture different perspectives.

12. Use graphics and lower-thirds to provide context and information: Graphics and lower-thirds can help provide context and information to the audience, which can enhance their understanding and enjoyment of the event.

13. Use music and sound effects to enhance the viewing experience: Music and sound effects can help enhance the viewing experience and make the event more engaging and entertaining.

14. Use pre-produced video packages to break up the live content: Pre-produced video packages can help break up the live content and provide variety for the audience.

15. Use a teleprompter for on-air talent: A teleprompter can help on-air talent stay on script and deliver their lines smoothly.

16. Use a countdown clock to keep track of timing: A countdown clock helps ensure that the event stays on schedule and that everything is timed properly.

17. Use social media to engage with the audience and promote the event: Social media can help you engage with the audience, promote the event, and provide updates before, during, and after the event.

18. Use a delay system to allow for editing or censoring if necessary: A delay system can help you edit or censor content if necessary, which can be useful in live events where unexpected things can happen.

19. Use a live streaming service to reach a wider audience: Live streaming services can help you reach a wider audience, particularly those who are unable to attend the event in person.

20. Use closed captioning for accessibility: Closed captioning helps make the event accessible to people who are deaf or hard of hearing.

21. Use a green screen for virtual backgrounds or augmented reality: A green screen can be used to create virtual backgrounds or augmented reality, which can enhance the viewing experience and make the event more engaging.

22. Use a wireless microphone system for mobility: A wireless microphone system can help on-air talent move around freely, which can make the event more dynamic and engaging.

23. Use a control room to monitor and manage the production: A control room allows the production team to monitor and manage the event in real-time, which can help ensure that everything runs smoothly.

24. Use audience feedback to improve future events: Audience feedback can help you identify areas for improvement and make future events even better.

25. Have fun and enjoy the process!: Producing a live televised event can be stressful, but it’s important to remember to have fun and enjoy the process!

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Smartsheets: Why You Need to Start Using them Now!

ο»ΏSmartsheet is a cloud-based project management and collaboration tool that enables teams to work together more efficiently. It provides a flexible and customizable platform for managing projects, tracking progress, and communicating with team members. Some of the features and benefits of Smartsheet include:

1. Customizable templates – Smartsheet offers a range of pre-built templates for different types of projects, including marketing campaigns, event planning, and project management. These templates can be customized to meet the specific needs of your team.

2. Collaboration tools – Smartsheet enables team members to collaborate in real-time on projects, share files, and communicate with one another. It also supports commenting and discussion threads, making it easy to keep track of conversations and feedback.

3. Automated workflows – Smartsheet offers automated workflows for repetitive tasks, such as sending notifications or requesting approvals. This can help streamline processes and save time.

4. Gantt charts – Smartsheet offers customizable Gantt charts for visualizing project timelines and dependencies. This can help teams stay on track and ensure that deadlines are met.

5. Resource management – Smartsheet offers tools for managing resources, such as team members, equipment, and materials. This can help teams allocate resources more effectively and avoid overbooking.

6. Mobile app – Smartsheet offers a mobile app for iOS and Android devices, enabling team members to access and update projects on the go.

To use Smartsheet, you can start by creating a new sheet or using one of the pre-built templates. You can then add columns and rows to organize your data and tasks. Smartsheet supports a range of data types, including text, dates, and attachments. You can also add formulas and conditional formatting to automate calculations and highlight important information.

Once you have set up your sheet, you can invite team members to collaborate and assign tasks. Smartsheet offers tools for tracking progress, such as percent complete and status indicators. You can also set up automated workflows for notifications and approvals.

You can program smart sheets with AI using various programming languages and frameworks such as Python and TensorFlow. There are also various software platforms and tools available that allow you to create AI-powered smart sheets without any coding, such as SmartSheet, SheetIQ, and Sheetgo. These platforms use AI and machine learning algorithms to automate data entry, analysis, and reporting, making it easier for you to manage and manipulate data in your spreadsheets.

Smartsheet provides a flexible and customizable platform for managing projects and collaborating with team members. Its range of features and tools can help teams stay organized, streamline processes, and improve communication

SmartSheet, SheetIQ, and Sheetgo, their features, specs, and how you can use them for notifications in redundant workflows:

1. SmartSheet: SmartSheet is a web-based project management and collaboration tool that allows you to create, manage, and automate workflows using a drag-and-drop interface. Some of its key features include:

– Customizable templates for various project types

– Real-time collaboration and commenting

– Automated workflows using conditional logic and notifications

– Integration with other tools such as Microsoft Office, Google Drive, and Salesforce

– Reporting and analytics

β€’ SmartSheet can generate automated notifications for redundant workflows using its conditional logic and notification features. For example, you can set up a notification to be sent to a team member when a task is due or when a project status changes. SmartSheet also has a mobile app that allows you to receive notifications on-the-go.

β€’ SmartSheet uses machine learning algorithms to automate data entry and analysis. For example, it can recognize patterns in data and make predictions based on historical trends. It can also use natural language processing to extract information from unstructured text and automatically populate fields in a spreadsheet.

β€’ To set up SmartSheet’s automation features, you can use its drag-and-drop interface to create workflows that include conditional logic and notifications. For example, you can set up a workflow that automatically sends an email notification to a team member when a certain condition is met, such as a task being completed or a deadline approaching.

2. SheetIQ: SheetIQ is an AI-powered add-on for Google Sheets that allows you to automate data entry, analysis, and reporting using natural language commands. Some of its key features include:

– Natural language processing for data entry and analysis

– Automated reporting and charts

– Integration with other Google Sheets add-ons and tools

β€’ SheetIQ can generate automated notifications for redundant workflows using its natural language processing and automation features. For example, you can set up a notification to be sent to a team member when a certain condition is met, such as a drop in sales or an increase in customer complaints.

β€’ SheetIQ uses natural language processing and machine learning algorithms to automate data entry and analysis. For example, it can understand natural language commands and use them to automatically populate fields in a spreadsheet. It can also generate charts and reports based on the data in a spreadsheet.

β€’ To set up SheetIQ’s automation features, you can use its natural language interface to create commands and queries that automate data entry and analysis. For example, you can use the command “add 10% to sales” to automatically update a sales figure in a spreadsheet.

3. Sheetgo: Sheetgo is a web-based tool that allows you to connect and automate data flows between multiple spreadsheets and cloud applications. Some of its key features include:

– Automated data transfer and consolidation

– Data filtering and transformation

– Collaboration and commenting

– Integration with other cloud applications such as Google Drive, Microsoft Office, and Dropbox

β€’ Sheetgo can generate automated notifications for redundant workflows using its data filtering and automation features. For example, you can set up a notification to be sent to a team member when a certain condition is met, such as a new row being added to a spreadsheet or a cell value changing.

β€’ Sheetgo uses machine learning algorithms to automate data transfer and consolidation. For example, it can recognize patterns in data and automatically consolidate it from multiple spreadsheets into one. It can also use data filtering and transformation to clean and standardize data.

β€’ To set up Sheetgo’s automation features, you can use its drag-and-drop interface to create connections between multiple spreadsheets and cloud applications. For example, you can set up a connection that automatically transfers data from a Google Sheet to a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet whenever a new row is added.

These platforms use AI and machine learning algorithms to automate data entry, analysis, and reporting by recognizing patterns in data, understanding natural language commands, and automatically transferring and consolidating data. They are setup and programmed using a combination of drag-and-drop interfaces, natural language processing, and machine learning algorithms.

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How much bandwidth do you need ?

It’s essential to have sufficient bandwidth to have an optimal streaming experience. So, let’s dig into the bandwidth requirements for different resolutions and streaming services.

Understanding Video Bitrate

Video bitrate is an important metric independent of other factors like resolution, frame rate, and audio quality that impact a viewer’s streaming experience. It represents the amount of data per second your video source supplies and is a critical factor in delivering an enjoyable experience.

Streaming Services and Bitrate

It’s interesting to note that compared to a Blu-ray disc, streaming services like Netflix need to use compressed streams with considerably lower bitrates. Despite their best efforts to maintain the quality through various compression techniques, a higher bitrate equals more data and a superior image quality.

Minimum Bandwidth Required

To sustain a smooth, buffer-free stream at varying resolutions, one should consider these average minimum bandwidth requirements. Whether you’re using older equipment or new streaming devices with the latest TV models, Broadcasters generally provide viewers with the best possible streaming experience.

Following is the general resolution for videos and Minimum download speeds required:

480p (SD):  Needs about 3-4 Mbps

720p (HD):  Needs about 5-8 Mbps

1080p (HD):  Needs about 8-10 Mbps

2160p (4K):  Needs about 32 Mbps

4320p (8K): Needs about 120 Mbps

Required Bandwidth

H264 H265

1280Γ—720(HD) 3Mbps 1.5Mbps

1920X1080(FHD) 6Mbps 3Mbps

3840Γ—2160(UHD) 25Mbps 12Mbps

3820x2160p(4K) 32Mbps 15Mbps

7640Γ—4320(8K) See notes below

1080p Streaming required Bandwidth & Internet Speed

1080p streaming videos are at a display resolution of 1920X1080, and it offers full HD video content on the Internet. These videos have more clarity and resolution than an HD video at 720p. Also, 1080p video consumes more amounts of data compared to SD and HD streaming. As stated in the above table and with the H264 codec, the recommended bandwidth is 6 Mbps, and with the H265 codec, it usually requires up to 3 Mbps.

4K and 8K Streaming Bandwidth requirement / Internet Speed

To stream 4K HDR content, one needs a 4K UHD TV with HEVC decoder and HDR support. 

4K videos with a display resolution of 4096p x 2160p offer the most life-like video content on the Internet. These high definition videos have more visual information than ever about the texture, color, shapes than an HD video. Unfortunately, 4k consumes enormous amounts of data compared to SD, HD & FHD streaming. With the H264 codec, the recommended bandwidth is 32 Mbps, and with the H265 codec, it could be up to 15 Mbps. To stream 4K HDR content, one needs a 4K UHD TV with HEVC decoder and HDR support.

Even with an 8K streaming service, most people wouldn’t be able to use it. Platforms like Netflix specifies a 25 Mbps stream for 4K content. This requirement seems to quadruple as there is no H.265 standard alongside 8K to reduce the file size. Netflix consumes 3.1GB/hour at 1080p for 60fps video and even 7GB/hour at 4K. If we assume that the transition from 4K to 8K consumes an equivalent amount of bandwidth to 1080p – 4K transition, the per hour bandwidth requirement to stream 8K content would be nearly 6.44GB – 19.2GB/hour for 23.976fps content. This is still a high bandwidth rate to burn out.

The bitrate for 8K video services that use HEVC is between 85 Mbps for satellite and 65 Mbps for OTT. 

When you implement Content Aware Encoding (CAE) used in combination with HEVC, you can lower the bit rate for 8K distribution by another 50%. CAE leverages the mechanics of the human eye to assess video quality and optimize encoding parameters in real-time.

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Video Production Tips: Pain Points & Solutions – What are your Suggestions?

Video production involves several stages, each with its unique set of challenges. Some common pain points in video production are:

1. Pre-production planning: To avoid delays, budget overruns, and scope creep, video production teams should establish clear goals and objectives, outline the desired outcome, and develop a detailed production plan that aligns with the production budget and scope. Project management software can help manage tasks, set deadlines, and monitor progress, while regular meetings and status reports can keep everyone on the same page.

2. Equipment-related issues: To prevent equipment failures or inadequacies, video production teams should invest in quality equipment, perform regular maintenance and testing, and have backup equipment on hand. Additionally, having a skilled technician on the team or on call can quickly resolve equipment-related issues and reduce downtime.

3. Creative and technical collaboration: Video production teams can improve creative and technical collaboration by establishing clear communication channels and processes, involving everyone in the brainstorming phase, and setting realistic expectations about the project’s technical feasibility. One solution is to use a review and approval platform that collects feedback and changes from all team members and keeps everyone informed about progress.

4. Time constraints: To manage tight video production timelines, video production teams should prioritize tasks, establish clear timelines with deadlines, and allow for some flexibility. Outsourcing some tasks or using pre-made templates and resources can also save time and reduce workload.

5. Post-production challenges: To avoid post-production delays, video production teams should establish a clear post-production plan, including deadlines, resources needed, and project milestones. Collaborating with a post-production specialist or outsourcing some post-production tasks can also help manage the workload and free up resources and time.

6. Delivery and distribution: To ensure a smooth delivery and distribution process, video production teams should carefully consider the delivery platform and format and create multiple versions for different devices and platforms. Using cloud storage platforms can make sharing and delivering large files easier.

7. Budget and finances: To stay within the allocated budget, video production teams should create a detailed budget plan, track expenses, and prioritize expenses according to project needs. Being transparent about the budget and communicating any potential expenses can reduce surprises and avoid overruns.

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Why We Care: PTP Clocks Hierarchy

PTP (Precision Time Protocol) is a protocol used for synchronizing clocks in a network. It is a time synchronization protocol that is designed to provide high-precision time and frequency synchronization for networked devices.

PTP (Precision Time Protocol) is an IEEE 1588 standard protocol that synchronizes real-time clocks of connected nodes in a distributed system using a network. This protocol establishes a leader-follower hierarchy among the nodes (referred to as clocks) where followers synchronize with their leaders, and the leader-follower relationship is determined by a Best Master Clock (BMC) algorithm. Through dynamic relationship determination, the PTP network can simplify the interconnect graph, resolving cycles down to a tree of leaders and followers. The grandmaster, located at the root of the tree, synchronizes with GPS and serves as the ultimate leader for all clocks. Interior nodes in this network are called boundary clocks (BC) and have follower ports and one or more leader ports. PTP can achieve high accuracy, even within sub-microsecond limits on local networks.

PTP works by sending time signals between devices, a best grandmaster, leader, and a follower clocks. The best grandmaster clock sends synchronization messages to leader clocks, and the leader clocks adjust their clock frequency and time to match the best grandmaster clock. The leader clocks send synchronization messages over their network(s), and the follower clocks adjusts their clock frequency and time to match the leader clock. Again, aka boundary clocks. PTP uses precise hardware timestamps to measure the time between devices.

PTP is often used in real-time systems, where accurate timing is essential, such as in audio and video production or industrial automation. It can also be used in some communication networks, such as 5G and industrial Ethernet.

Each of the following company’s products support and /or generate PTP:

1. Leader Electronics Corporation offers the LT8900 and the LT8910A PTP Time Server/Grandmaster Clocks, both of which are designed to provide accurate PTP synchronization for broadcast and post-production applications. The devices generate IEEE 1588-2008 PTP packets with sub-microsecond timing accuracy and support PTP profiles such as the Audio-Video Profile (PTP AV) and the IEEE Power Profile. They also feature two independent 10 Gigabit Ethernet interfaces, allowing for redundant operation and the ability to simultaneously serve as a Network Time Protocol (NTP) server. The LT8910A additionally offers dual electrical inputs, enabling it to function as a redundant PTP Grandmaster clock.

2. Cisco Systems, Inc. offers a range of PTP solutions, including routers, switches, and network interface cards that support IEEE 1588v2. Some of the models that support PTP generation and/or synchronization include the Cisco Catalyst 9300 Series Switches, the Cisco 9200 Series Switches, the Cisco NCS 1002, the Cisco NCS 540 Series Routers, and the Cisco NCS 560 Series Routers. These devices provide high-precision timing capabilities for a range of applications, including 5G mobile networks, industrial automation, and financial trading. They can serve as a PTP Grandmaster clock, Leader clock and/or follower, depending on the application requirements, and have features such as hardware timestamping, clock quality monitoring, and PTP profiles for specific industries.

3. Riedel Communications offers the MediorNet MN-C-OPT-HDMI PTP Media Interface Card, which is designed to provide PTP support and synchronization for its MediorNet media network. The card supports SMPTE ST 2059 PTP profiles and is capable of acting as both a PTP Grandmaster clock and a PTP client. It features multiple input and output ports, including an HDMI port for timecode distribution, and has a high-precision oscillator for sub-microsecond timing synchronization. The card also supports redundancy, multi-casting of PTP messages, and monitoring and configuration via a web-based interface. Additionally, Riedel’s Artist and Bolero communications systems offer PTP synchronization for intercom communication applications.

4. Meinberg Funkuhren offers a variety of PTP Time Servers/Grandmasters that are designed to provide accurate PTP synchronization for a range of applications, including telecom, financial trading, and industrial automation. Some of the models include the LANTIME M900/M600/M4000 PTP Time Servers and the IMS – M400 Industrial PTP Time Server. These Time Servers support IEEE 1588-2008 PTP profiles and various ITU-T G.827x telecom profiles such as G.8275.1 and G.8275.2. They can serve as a PTP Grandmaster clock, Leader, and/or follower clock, depending on the application requirements, and offer features such as hardware timestamping, fault-tolerant design, and redundant power supplies. Meinberg also offers PTP software and network interface cards that support PTP generation and synchronization.

5. Tektronix offers a range of PTP hardware and software products that support PTP generation, including time servers, grandmasters, and clients that generate and measure PTP signals with high accuracy and precision. These devices are specifically designed for PTP and are capable of supporting PTPv1, PTPv2, and PTP-RA.

6. Juniper Networks provides networking equipment that supports PTP generation, including network switches and routers that are capable of handling PTP traffic, as well as software tools for the configuration and management of PTP networks. Juniper’s devices are designed to support PTPv2 and can be used in a variety of PTP network architectures.

7. Ross Video offers PTP generation solutions for the broadcast industry, including PTP time code generators and servers that are designed to synchronize video and audio signals across multiple cameras and equipment. These devices support PTPv2 and PTP-RA and are specifically designed for the broadcast environment.

8. Mellanox Technologies provides network adapters and switches that support PTP generation, allowing for the transmission and synchronization of time-critical data across high-speed networks. Mellanox’s devices support PTPv2 and can be used in a variety of PTP network architectures, including data center and telecommunications applications. Nvidia does not offer a Precision Time Protocol (PTP) implementation as a standalone product. However, Nvidia’s Mellanox networking solutions product line includes NICs (network interface cards) and switches that support PTP as well as other timing protocols such as Network Time Protocol (NTP), Precision Time Protocol (PTP), and IEEE 802.1AS.

These products help enable synchronization throughout data centers and other networked deployments that require tight synchronization between multiple devices, such as high-performance computing, financial trading, media and entertainment industries, and industrial control systems. In addition to PTP support, Nvidia Mellanox’s networking solutions offer low-latency and high-bandwidth capabilities, making them well-suited for demanding applications.

9. Spectracom specializes in precise timing solutions, including PTP servers and PTP-enabled network devices for PTP generation. Spectracom’s devices support PTPv1, PTPv2, and PTP-RA and are designed to provide high levels of accuracy and precision for a variety of industries, including telecommunications, defense, and finance. They also offer software tools for PTP network analysis and management.

10. Selenio Media Communications offers support for various versions of Precision Time Protocol (PTP), including PTPv1, PTPv2, and PTP Profile for Professional Broadcast Applications (PTP-RA). This enables customers to synchronize media processing and transport devices in IP-based broadcasting systems with sub-microsecond accuracy. It offers a single timing source and does not have built-in redundancy.

Note: this is not an exhaustive list of PTP generators or supporters thereof.

In summary, the main differences between PTP offerings are the level of accuracy, redundancy, and interoperability features they offer, allowing customers to select the product that best suits their requirements for timing accuracy, scalability, and reliability.

I’ve been asked if I’m being paid for this post. No, I am not being paid to share this information, nor do I work for any named company within the article.

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Selenio: Video Processing, Delivery &, PTP Solutions, Plus the Competition…

Selenio is a product line of video processing and delivery solutions offered by Imagine Communications, a company that provides end-to-end software-based solutions for media and entertainment industry. The Selenio product line includes both hardware and software components designed to address the complex and evolving needs of broadcasters and content providers in delivering high-quality video across a variety of platforms and devices.

The Selenio product line includes solutions for video encoding, transcoding, compression, decoding, and delivery, as well as tools for managing and monitoring video distribution workflows. Selenio offers flexible deployment options, including on-premises, cloud-based, and hybrid environments. The solutions also support a wide range of industry-standard video formats and protocols, including H.264, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, HEVC, and ATSC 3.0.

In addition to video processing and delivery, the Selenio product line also includes solutions for signal processing, audio processing, and contribution and distribution. These solutions are designed to help broadcasters and content providers manage the entire content delivery chain, from acquisition to distribution, while ensuring the highest levels of quality and flexibility.

The Selenio product line offers different video processing models that provide various capabilities. Some of the specific video processing models offered by Selenio include:

1. Selenio Media Convergence Platform (MCP): This software-based solution provides end-to-end video processing and delivery capabilities for live, linear and on-demand content across different devices and platforms, including IP, RF and satellite networks. Selenio MCP includes modules for encoding, decoding, transcoding, packaging, and delivery, enabling the repurposing of content for multiple formats and screens.

2. Selenio MCP3: This is the latest version of the Selenio MCP and is designed to be fully software-defined, offering a cloud-native architecture that scales quickly and easily. MCP3 provides intelligent orchestration across on-premise and cloud-based resources while providing support for advanced video processing features such as high-bitrate 8K codecs.

3. SelenioFlex File: This solution is designed for file-based workflows and provides functionality for transcoding, packaging, and delivery. Content can be repurposed and transcoded to multiple resolutions and formats, including high-quality 4K and 8K, depending on the needs of the service.

3a. Selenio Flex: This solution offers advanced video processing features such as HDR and WCG processing, audio loudness control, and content replacement, in a single hardware-based appliance. It also provides advanced video compression technology, including HEVC, to optimize bandwidth utilization and enable distribution of high-quality content to an increasing number of devices.

4. Selenio One: This is a compact, 1RU encoding/transcoding platform that provides high-quality, low-latency video streaming for IPTV and other IP-based video delivery applications. Selenio One has a wide range of codecs and resolutions and is ideal for applications where space is limited, such as outside broadcast (OB) trucks or small-scale IPTV operations.

5. Selenio Network Processor (SNP): This is a high-density video and audio processing platform that is designed for the most demanding broadcast and media applications. Selenio SNP provides a flexible and modular architecture that can be configured to support a wide range of codecs, resolutions, and protocols, including IP, ASI, and SDI.

6. Selenio UDP Gateway: This solution is designed to enable the smooth delivery of live video content to viewers over the internet. Selenio UDP Gateway can receive an uncompressed multicast transport stream from an encoder and distribute it to a large number of viewers with low latency and high reliability. It also supports adaptive bit rate (ABR) streaming, which enables the delivery of multiple quality versions of the same video to different devices based on each device’s bandwidth and resolution requirements.

7. Selenio CMM: The Content Management System (CMM) is designed to provide intelligent workflow automation capabilities to the entire content supply chain. CMM provides comprehensive metadata management, asset tracking, and data governance, enabling content providers to efficiently manage and organize their libraries and produce more effective content delivery strategies.

Overall, the delivery solutions offered by Selenio utilize advanced video processing, metadata management, and delivery capabilities to enable content providers to deliver high-quality video content seamlessly across multiple platforms and devices.

How does Selenio support
Precision Time Protocol (PTP), including PTPv1, PTPv2, and PTP Profile for Professional Broadcast Applications (PTP-RA).

Selenio Media Convergence Platform from Imagine Communications supports PTP (Precision Time Protocol) in different ways, including PTPv1, PTPv2, and PTP Profile for Professional Broadcast Applications (PTP-RA).

Selenio can act as a PTP grand leader clock or follower clock, depending on the customer’s requirements. It can synchronize the internal timing of each device in the platform, including video and audio processing units, switchers and routers, and other IP-connected devices, with sub-microsecond accuracy.

The PTP implementation in Selenio is compliant with the relevant IEEE standards and guidelines, ensuring interoperability and compatibility with other PTP devices. It uses hardware-assisted timestamping to achieve the required level of precision, and supports various transport protocols, such as IEEE 802.3av, IEEE 1588-2008, and AES67.

Selenio also supports PTP Profile for Professional Broadcast Applications (PTP-RA), which specifies additional requirements for PTP accuracy, reliability, and scalability in broadcast environments. Selenio’s PTP implementation is designed to meet these requirements and provide synchronization for demanding broadcast workflows.

Lastly, Selenio PTP Gateway can convert between different PTP profiles, including those used in broadcast and IT networks, to enable interoperability between different PTP installations. This allows broadcasters to take advantage of the benefits of the latest PTP technology while maintaining compatibility with existing PTP deployments.

In summary, Selenio supports PTP in different ways, including as a PTP grandmaster or slave clock, with compliance to IEEE standards and PTP-RA, using hardware timestamping, and protocol flexibility for interoperability through its PTP Gateway.

I’ve been asked if I’m being paid for this post. No, no I am not being paid to share this information, nor do I work for Selenio.

Here are some of Selenio’s biggest competitors:

As Selenio has a wide range of products and services, it’s difficult to give a comprehensive comparison for each competitor listed. However, I can provide you with a general idea of what each competitor offers:

– Cisco Systems: a technology company that provides networking, cybersecurity, and collaboration products and services.
– Evertz Microsystems: a technology company that provides video and audio infrastructure software and hardware solutions for broadcasters and media companies.
– Harmonic Inc.: a technology company that provides video delivery infrastructure solutions for cable, satellite, and OTT video providers.
– Zixi: a technology company that provides software-defined video platform solutions for broadcasters and OTT video providers.
– Net Insight: a technology company that provides media transport solutions for broadcasters and media companies.
– Nevion: a technology company that provides video transport solutions for broadcasters and media companies.
– Grass Valley: a technology company that provides broadcast and media equipment and solutions for live production and content delivery.
– Elemental Technologies (an Amazon Web Services company): a technology company that provides software-defined video solutions for broadcasters and OTT video providers.
– Ericsson Inc.: a technology company that provides broadcast and media services and solutions for content owners, broadcasters, and service providers.
– NewTek Inc.: a technology company that provides video production and live streaming solutions for broadcasters and content creators.
– Ross Video: a technology company that provides broadcast and media equipment and solutions for live production and content delivery.
– Appear TV: a technology company that provides broadcast and streaming solutions for operators, broadcasters, and content providers.
– Blackmagic Design: a technology company that provides video production solutions for broadcasters, filmmakers, and content creators.
– ATEME SA: a technology company that provides video encoding and transcoding solutions for broadcasters and content owners.
– Haivision Systems: a technology company that provides video streaming solutions and services for broadcasters and enterprises.
– Telestream LLC: a technology company that provides video transcoding, workflow automation, and quality monitoring solutions for broadcasters and media companies.
– MediaKind: a technology company that provides broadcast and media solutions for content owners, broadcasters, and service providers.
– ChyronHego: a technology company that provides graphics solutions for sports, news, and live events.
– Lawo AG: a technology company that provides audio and video production solutions for broadcasters and media companies.

Please note that the above list is not exhaustive and there may be other competitors within the industry. The competitiveness of each of these companies varies depending on the specific product and service category.

Overall, each of these companies has its own unique strengths and areas of expertise in the media and broadcast industry. It will depend on the specific needs of the customer to determine which solution is the best fit.

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Sports Broadcasting 4K Stack

In the context of sports HD broadcasting, a 4K stack usually refers to the technical infrastructure required for live production and delivery of 4K Ultra High Definition (UHD) content. This typically includes specialized cameras, video switchers, routers, servers, storage systems, encoders, and decoders that are specifically designed to handle high-resolution video streams.

Building a 4K stack for sports HD broadcasting requires a combination of hardware and software solutions that are optimized for low-latency, high-bandwidth video processing and delivery. Here are some key considerations to keep in mind:

1. Choose the right equipment: Select cameras, switchers, encoders, and other equipment that are designed to handle 4K UHD content, and ensure that they are compatible with one another and your network infrastructure.

2. Use high-capacity storage: 4K UHD video requires a significant amount of storage capacity, so it’s important to use high-capacity storage systems that can handle the large amounts of data generated by live sports broadcasts.

3. Optimize your network: Make sure that your network infrastructure is capable of handling the bandwidth requirements of 4K UHD video streams, and that it is properly configured to minimize latency and ensure reliable data transmission.

4. Utilize specialized software: Use specialized video processing software that is optimized for 4K UHD video and can handle the unique demands of live sports broadcasts, such as fast-paced action, multiple camera angles, and dynamic lighting conditions.

There are several products available for specialized video processing software that is optimized for 4K UHD sports broadcasts. Some of the popular ones include:

β€’ EVS XT4K – A specialized server system that provides live slow-motion replay, super slow-motion, and on-the-fly editing capabilities for 4K content.

β€’ Grass Valley K-Frame V-series – A live production switcher that supports 4K UHD resolution and provides advanced features such as HDR support, up/down/cross-conversion, and color correction.

β€’ Avid MediaCentral – A comprehensive media management and workflow platform that provides real-time collaboration, content distribution, and automated processing capabilities for 4K UHD video.

β€’ Blackmagic Design ATEM 4 M/E Broadcast Studio 4K – A live production switcher that supports 4K UHD resolution and provides advanced features such as multi-camera switching, chroma keying, and 3D graphics.

β€’ Sony HDC-5500 – A 4K UHD system camera that includes advanced features such as high-speed image capture, remote control capabilities, and image stabilization for capturing fast-paced sports action.

β€’ Ross Video Carbonite Ultra – A live production switcher that supports 4K UHD resolution and provides advanced features such as customizable macros, multi-screen outputs, and virtual set creation.

β€’ Panasonic’s Kairos video processing platform is designed to handle 4K UHD video, including fast-paced sports action. The system can support multiple video inputs, including baseband, IP, and NDI sources, and provides real-time switching and four layers of DVE with key and fill. 

Additionally, Kairos has an optional hardware accelerator that can be added to the system to handle up to 16 4K inputs and 8 4K outputs, providing the necessary processing power to handle the demands of live sports broadcasts.

Its flexible architecture and scalable design, Kairos offers a solution that can handle the unique requirements of live 4K UHD sports video production.

These products are designed to handle the complex requirements of live 4K UHD sports broadcasting and enable production teams to deliver high-quality, engaging coverage of sporting events.

By following these best practices, you can build a 4K stack for sports HD broadcasting that is capable of delivering high-resolution video and allowing viewers to experience the action in stunning detail.

Some Sports Networks / Broadcasters have built their 4K stack for sports broadcasting through a combination of hardware and software solutions. Here are some key components and technologies used by them to deliver 4K sports broadcasts:

1. Cameras:  Broadcasters use specialized 4K UHD cameras that are capable of capturing high-quality sports footage with stunning detail and clarity. These cameras are typically positioned around the arena or stadium to capture multiple angles of the action.

β€’ Sony, Panasonic, Canon, and Red are all popular choices for 4K broadcast cameras.

2. Production equipment:  Broadcasters use specialized video production equipment that is designed to handle the high-resolution video streams generated by 4K UHD cameras. This includes video switchers, graphics systems, and other production equipment that is optimized for 4K UHD workflows.

β€’ Brands like Grass Valley, Ross Video, and Blackmagic Design offer a range of specialized production equipment for 4K broadcasts.

3. Network infrastructure:  Broadcasters havr built a high-bandwidth network infrastructure that is capable of handling the large amounts of data generated by 4K UHD video streams. This includes high-speed fiber optic connections, IP video delivery, and other networking technologies.

β€’ Companies like Arista Networks, Cisco, and Juniper Networks provide network infrastructure solutions that are optimized for high-bandwidth 4K streaming.

4. Storage and encoding:  Sport Broadcasters use specialized storage systems and video encoding software to capture, process, and deliver 4K UHD video streams in real-time. This includes high-capacity storage and encoding systems that can handle the large amounts of data generated by live sports broadcasts.

β€’ Brands like EVS, Harmonic, and Telestream offer specialized storage and encoding systems that are designed to handle the large amounts of data generated by 4K broadcasts.

5. Display technology: Finally, Sports Broadcasters work with technology partners to ensure that their 4K UHD broadcasts can be viewed on a range of consumer devices, including 4K UHD televisions and streaming devices. They use technologies like High Dynamic Range (HDR) to ensure that the image quality and color accuracy of their broadcasts meet the highest standards.

β€’ Brands like Sony, Samsung, LG, and Vizio are all popular brands for 4K UHD televisions, while streaming devices like Roku, Amazon Fire TV, and Apple TV are widely used for delivering 4K content to viewers.

By leveraging these components and technologies, Broadcasters have been able to build a 4K stack that is capable of delivering stellar sports broadcasts with breathtaking detail and clarity.

It’s important to note that these brands and models are only examples and many Sports Broadcasters may use different equipment depending on the specific needs of their broadcasts.

End note:  I am not currently an employee of, and I was not paid by any named company in this article for the information.

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Quick Reference: CDNs

A CDN (Content Delivery Network) is a geographically distributed network of servers that helps deliver content (such as web pages, images, videos, etc.) to users from servers that are geographically closer to them, resulting in faster page load times and better user experience.

A CDN typically works by storing cached copies of a website’s content on multiple servers distributed across different geographic locations, called edge servers. When a user requests content from the website, the CDN automatically redirects the request to the server that is geographically closest to the user, reducing latency and minimizing network congestion. The CDN also helps to distribute network load and protect against Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, among other benefits.

Edge servers are a key component of CDN architecture. They are small-scale data centers that are strategically placed in multiple distributed locations around the world, as close to end-users as possible. 

When a user requests content from a website, the nearest edge server to the user intercepts the request and serves the cached content that exists on that edge server itself. If the content is not available, the edge server pulls it from the origin server, caches it locally, and then serves it to the requesting user.

Edge servers are designed to handle high traffic loads and to deliver content with low latency and minimal network congestion. They help improve the performance and reliability of websites by reducing the distance that data needs to travel, and by distributing network load across multiple servers.

25 CDN companies and what broadcasters generally use them for:

  1. Akamai – Used for live streaming, software downloads and website optimization.
  2. Cloudflare – Used for DDoS protection, load balancing and website optimization.
  3. Amazon CloudFront – Used for video on demand streaming, software downloads and website optimization.
  4. Fastly – Used for video streaming, website acceleration and API acceleration.
  5. Limelight – Used for online video, gaming, file downloads and website acceleration.
  6. Google Cloud CDN – Used for website optimization and application delivery.
  7. Verizon Digital Media Services – Used for video streaming, website acceleration and security.
  8. StackPath – Used for website security, bandwidth savings and website acceleration.
  9. CDN77 – Used for video streaming and website acceleration.
  10. KeyCDN – Used for website acceleration and video streaming.
  11. Microsoft Azure CDN – Used for website optimization, application delivery and video streaming.
  12. OnApp – Used for website acceleration and cloud-based applications.
  13. Rackspace Cloud Files – Used for data storage and content delivery.
  14. Internap – Used for CDN and hosting services.
  15. Instart Logic – Used for website and application acceleration.
  16. CenturyLink CDN – Used for media streaming and website acceleration.
  17. CDN.net – Used for website acceleration and video streaming.
  18. BelugaCDN – Used for website acceleration and content delivery.
  19. G-Core Labs – Used for website acceleration, video streaming and gaming.
  20. Tata Communications – Used for online video, website acceleration and content delivery.
  21. Mirror Image – Used for website acceleration and video streaming.
  22. CacheFly – Used for website acceleration and video streaming.
  23. Varnish Software – Used for website acceleration and API acceleration.
  24. Aryaka – Used for cloud-based network and application acceleration.
  25. Highwinds – Used for content delivery, live video streaming and website acceleration.

Note: This list is not exhaustive and there are more CDN companies in the market.

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AI Evolving

Artificial intelligence (AI) is evolving rapidly in many different ways, driven by advances in technology, research, and data availability. Here are some of the key trends in AI evolution:

1. Machine learning (ML) algorithms are becoming more sophisticated and capable, allowing AI systems to analyze and recognize patterns in increasingly complex data sets. This is enabling the development of AI applications that can perform more advanced tasks such as natural language processing, image and speech recognition, and predictive analytics.

2. Deep learning (DL) is a subset of machine learning that is specifically designed to process high-dimensional data sets, such as images and speech, more effectively. DL algorithms use multiple layers of interconnected artificial neurons to simulate the function of a human brain, resulting in more accurate and efficient performance.

3. Reinforcement learning is a type of machine learning that uses trial and error to learn from experience. Here, the AI system is rewarded for making correct decisions and penalized for making incorrect ones, allowing it to improve its performance over time.

4. Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are a type of machine learning that allows the AI system to learn about the structure of data by generating new examples that are indistinguishable from real ones. GANs have many applications, such as creating realistic images and videos, improving natural language generation, and creating realistic animations.

5. AI systems are also becoming more collaborative, with multi-agent systems emerging that allow multiple AI agents to work together to achieve a common goal. This is enabling the development of more complex AI applications, such as intelligent autonomous vehicles and smart cities.

Overall, AI is evolving rapidly and its applications are expanding rapidly, with new breakthroughs and advancements being made every day. As the technology continues to evolve, it is expected to play an increasingly important role in shaping the world around us, enabling new possibilities and driving innovation in many different fields.

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