RTMP, RTSP, SRT, and NDI are all different protocols used for streaming audio and video content over the internet. Each protocol has its own unique features and advantages. In this response, we’ll explore what each protocol is, how it works, and how it’s consumed.
RTMP (Real-Time Messaging Protocol) is a proprietary protocol developed by Adobe. It’s commonly used for streaming video content on platforms like YouTube and Twitch. To use RTMP, you need a video encoder, which captures the audio and video content and compresses it into a digital format. The encoded content is then sent to a streaming server, which distributes the content to the end-users. RTMP has been widely used in the past, but it’s gradually being replaced by more modern protocols like SRT and NDI.
RTSP (Real-Time Streaming Protocol) is an open-source protocol used for streaming audio and video content. It’s commonly used for security cameras and other surveillance systems. To use RTSP, you need an RTSP server, which stores the audio and video content and distributes it to the end-users. RTSP is widely used in the security industry because it supports real-time streaming and is compatible with a wide range of devices.
SRT (Secure Reliable Transport) is an open-source protocol that was designed to address some of the issues with RTMP. SRT is a low-latency protocol that’s optimized for live streaming. It’s designed to work over unreliable networks, which means that it can deliver high-quality audio and video content even in poor network conditions. To use SRT, you need an SRT encoder, which compresses the audio and video content and sends it to an SRT receiver, which decodes the content and distributes it to the end-users.
NDI (Network Device Interface) is a proprietary protocol developed by NewTek. It’s commonly used for streaming video content in the professional production industry. NDI allows you to add multiple video sources to a single network and stream them to multiple devices. To use NDI, you need an NDI-enabled device, such as a camera or a video encoder. The NDI-enabled device sends the audio and video content to an NDI receiver, which decodes the content and distributes it to the end-users.
In terms of consumption, each protocol can be consumed using a variety of devices, such as smartphones, tablets, laptops, and smart TVs. To consume RTMP content, you’ll need a media player that supports the protocol, such as Adobe Flash Player or VLC Media Player. To consume RTSP content, you’ll need an RTSP client, such as IP Camera Viewer or VLC Media Player. To consume SRT content, you’ll need an SRT player, such as Haivision Play or VLC Media Player. To consume NDI content, you’ll need an NDI-enabled device, such as an NDI-enabled camera or an NDI-enabled video encoder.
In conclusion, RTMP, RTSP, SRT, and NDI are all different protocols used for streaming audio and video content over the internet. Each protocol has its own unique features and advantages. The choice of protocol depends on the specific needs of the user, such as the type of content being streamed and the quality of the network connection.
Category: Bandwidth
Enterprise project management software systems are powerful tools designed to help organizations manage, track, and control their projects. These systems help project managers to plan, execute, and complete projects on time and within budget. They provide features such as resource allocation, budgeting, scheduling, risk management, and reporting that help project managers to stay on top of their projects and make informed decisions.
Some examples of enterprise project management software systems, with their features, industries they target:
1. Microsoft Project: Microsoft Project is a popular project management software that is widely used across various industries. It offers features such as task management, resource allocation, budgeting, scheduling, and reporting. It is designed for use in industries such as construction, engineering, healthcare, and IT.
2. Oracle Primavera: Oracle Primavera is a project management software that is specifically designed for use in industries such as construction, engineering, oil and gas, and utilities. It offers features such as project planning, risk management, cost control, and reporting.
3. Workfront: Workfront is a cloud-based project management software designed for marketing and creative teams. It offers features such as project planning, resource management, task management, and reporting. It is used in industries such as advertising, media, and publishing.
4. Asana: Asana is a project management software that is designed for use by teams of all sizes. It offers features such as task management, project planning, team collaboration, and reporting. It is used in industries such as marketing, design, and software development.
5. Jira: Jira is a project management software that is specifically designed for use in software development. It offers features such as issue tracking, Agile project management, and reporting. It is used in industries such as technology, software development, and IT.
6. Smartsheet: Smartsheet is a cloud-based project management software designed for use in industries such as construction, engineering, and marketing. It offers features such as project planning, resource management, task management, and reporting.
7. Basecamp: Basecamp is a project management software that is designed for use by small teams and freelancers. It offers features such as task management, team collaboration, and reporting. It is used in industries such as design, marketing, and software development.
8. Trello: Trello is a project management software that is designed for use by teams of all sizes. It offers features such as task management, project planning, team collaboration, and reporting. It is used in industries such as marketing, design, and software development.
9. Wrike: Wrike is a project management software that is designed for use by teams of all sizes. It offers features such as task management, project planning, team collaboration, and reporting. It is used in industries such as marketing, design, and software development.
10. LiquidPlanner: LiquidPlanner is a project management software that is designed for use in industries such as technology, software development, and IT. It offers features such as project planning, resource management, task management, and reporting.
11. Clarizen: Clarizen is a project management software that is designed for use in industries such as technology, software development, and IT. It offers features such as project planning, resource management, task management, and reporting.
12. Procore: Procore is a project management software that is designed for use in the construction industry. It offers features such as project planning, resource management, task management, and reporting.
13. Planview: Planview is a project management software that is designed for use in industries such as technology, software development, and IT. It offers features such as project planning, resource management, task management, and reporting.
14. Mavenlink: Mavenlink is a project management software that is designed for use in industries such as marketing, design, and software development. It offers features such as project planning, resource management, task management, and reporting.
15. Monday.com: Monday.com is a project management software that is designed for use by teams of all sizes. It offers features such as task management, project planning, team collaboration, and reporting. It is used in industries such as marketing, design, and software development.
These are just a few examples of enterprise project management software systems and the industries they target. Each software has its own unique set of features that make it suitable for specific industries and use cases.
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Ltn and The Switch are two of the leading providers of live video transmission and broadcasting solutions, but there are also other competitors in this market. Here is a brief comparison of Ltn, The Switch, and other competitors in this space:
1. Ltn – Ltn offers a range of cloud-based video transport and managed network solutions for broadcast and live events. Ltn’s solutions support up to 4K resolution, and offer features such as low-latency transmission, bonding of multiple cellular networks, and support for a range of video formats. Ltn’s pricing model is subscription-based, with customized pricing plans based on the specific needs of the customer. Ltn also offers 24/7 support and a global network of data centers.
2. The Switch – The Switch offers a range of video transport and production solutions for broadcast and live events, including fiber-optic networks, satellite trucks, and remote production services. The Switch’s solutions support up to 4K resolution, and offer features such as low-latency transmission, bonding of multiple cellular networks, and support for a range of video formats. The Switch’s pricing model is based on usage and location, with customized pricing plans based on the specific needs of the customer. The Switch also offers 24/7 support and a global network of data centers.
3. Haivision offers a range of video transport and production solutions for broadcast and live events, including cloud-based video streaming, low-latency encoding, and remote production services.
4. AWS Elemental offers a range of cloud-based video processing and delivery solutions for broadcast and live events, including live streaming, video encoding, and content delivery.
5. Grabyo offers a cloud-based platform for live video production and distribution, with features such as live clipping, real-time graphics, and social media integration.
The choice between these companies will depend on the specific needs and requirements of the organization, as well as factors such as pricing, support, and integration with other systems. It is recommended to evaluate the features, capabilities, and pricing of each provider before making a decision.
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An SFP (Small Form-factor Pluggable) is a hot-swappable transceiver that allows for flexible optical or copper connectivity in various applications such as A/V, theatre, and TV production. It is commonly used for transmitting high-speed data via fiber optic cables.
There are many companies that offer SFPs, including Cisco, Juniper Networks, HP, Dell, and many more (see below). The features and specs of an SFP will vary depending on the manufacturer and the specific model. However, some common features of SFPs include data rates of up to 10 Gbps, support for various protocols such as Ethernet, Fibre Channel, and SONET/SDH, and compatibility with various types of fiber optic cables.
Additionally, SFPs may come in different form factors such as LC, SC or ST connectors, and can support either single-mode or multi-mode fibers. Some SFPs may also support extended temperature ranges for use in harsh environments. It’s important to note that the specific features and specs of an SFP will depend on the application and the specific requirements of the user.
Companies that offer SFPs and their features and specs:
1. Cisco – Cisco offers a range of SFP modules for their switches and routers. Cisco’s SFPs support a range of interfaces, including Gigabit Ethernet, Fibre Channel, and SONET/SDH.
2. Juniper Networks – Juniper Networks offers SFPs for their switches and routers. The SFPs support a range of interfaces, including Gigabit Ethernet, Fibre Channel, and SONET/SDH.
3. HP Enterprise – HP Enterprise offers SFPs for their switches and routers. The SFPs support a range of interfaces, including Gigabit Ethernet, Fibre Channel, and SONET/SDH.
4. Netgear – Netgear offers SFPs for their switches and routers. The SFPs support a range of interfaces, including Gigabit Ethernet, Fibre Channel, and SONET/SDH.
5. Dell EMC – Dell EMC offers SFPs for their switches and routers. The SFPs support a range of interfaces, including Gigabit Ethernet, Fibre Channel, and SONET/SDH.
6. Allied Telesis – Allied Telesis offers SFPs for their switches and routers. The SFPs support a range of interfaces, including Gigabit Ethernet, Fibre Channel, and SONET/SDH.
7. Black Box – Black Box offers SFPs for their switches and routers. The SFPs support a range of interfaces, including Gigabit Ethernet, Fibre Channel, and SONET/SDH.
8. Brocade – Brocade offers SFPs for their switches and routers. The SFPs support a range of interfaces, including Gigabit Ethernet, Fibre Channel, and SONET/SDH.
9. Extreme Networks – Extreme Networks offers SFPs for their switches and routers. The SFPs support a range of interfaces, including Gigabit Ethernet, Fibre Channel, and SONET/SDH.
10. Finisar – Finisar offers SFPs for a range of applications, including data center, telecommunications, and industrial. The SFPs support a range of interfaces, including Gigabit Ethernet, Fibre Channel, and SONET/SDH.
11. Mellanox – Mellanox offers SFPs for their switches and routers. The SFPs support a range of interfaces, including Gigabit Ethernet, Fibre Channel, and InfiniBand.
12. Molex – Molex offers SFPs for a range of applications, including data center, telecommunications, and industrial. The SFPs support a range of interfaces, including Gigabit Ethernet, Fibre Channel, and SONET/SDH.
13. TP-Link – TP-Link offers SFPs for their switches and routers. The SFPs support a range of interfaces, including Gigabit Ethernet, Fibre Channel, and SONET/SDH.
14. Transition Networks – Transition Networks offers SFPs for a range of applications, including data center, telecommunications, and industrial. The SFPs support a range of interfaces, including Gigabit Ethernet, Fibre Channel, and SONET/SDH.
15. Ubiquiti Networks – Ubiquiti Networks offers SFPs for their switches and routers. The SFPs support a range of interfaces, including Gigabit Ethernet, Fibre Channel, and SONET/SDH.
16. Riedel – Riedel’s MediorNet SFPs, for example, are designed specifically for use with their MediorNet media network system. These SFPs support various protocols such as Ethernet, SDI, and MADI, and are available in various formats such as single-mode, multi-mode, CWDM, and DWDM.
In addition, Riedel also offers SmartPanel SFPs, which allow for flexible connectivity between SmartPanels and other systems such as the MediorNet media network. These SFPs support data rates of up to 10 Gbps and are available in various formats such as LC or SC connectors.
It’s important to note that while Riedel’s SFPs are designed for their specific systems, they still adhere to industry-standard protocols and can be used with other systems as well.
Overall, SFPs from different companies offer a range of features and specs depending on the application and interface type. Some common features of SFPs include hot-swappability, automatic signal detection and configuration, and low power consumption. It is important to select the right SFP for your specific application and ensure compatibility with your switch or router.
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It’s essential to have sufficient bandwidth to have an optimal streaming experience. So, let’s dig into the bandwidth requirements for different resolutions and streaming services.
Understanding Video Bitrate
Video bitrate is an important metric independent of other factors like resolution, frame rate, and audio quality that impact a viewer’s streaming experience. It represents the amount of data per second your video source supplies and is a critical factor in delivering an enjoyable experience.
Streaming Services and Bitrate
It’s interesting to note that compared to a Blu-ray disc, streaming services like Netflix need to use compressed streams with considerably lower bitrates. Despite their best efforts to maintain the quality through various compression techniques, a higher bitrate equals more data and a superior image quality.
Minimum Bandwidth Required
To sustain a smooth, buffer-free stream at varying resolutions, one should consider these average minimum bandwidth requirements. Whether you’re using older equipment or new streaming devices with the latest TV models, Broadcasters generally provide viewers with the best possible streaming experience.
Following is the general resolution for videos and Minimum download speeds required:
480p (SD): Needs about 3-4 Mbps
720p (HD): Needs about 5-8 Mbps
1080p (HD): Needs about 8-10 Mbps
2160p (4K): Needs about 32 Mbps
4320p (8K): Needs about 120 Mbps
Required Bandwidth
H264 H265
1280×720(HD) 3Mbps 1.5Mbps
1920X1080(FHD) 6Mbps 3Mbps
3840×2160(UHD) 25Mbps 12Mbps
3820x2160p(4K) 32Mbps 15Mbps
7640×4320(8K) See notes below
1080p Streaming required Bandwidth & Internet Speed
1080p streaming videos are at a display resolution of 1920X1080, and it offers full HD video content on the Internet. These videos have more clarity and resolution than an HD video at 720p. Also, 1080p video consumes more amounts of data compared to SD and HD streaming. As stated in the above table and with the H264 codec, the recommended bandwidth is 6 Mbps, and with the H265 codec, it usually requires up to 3 Mbps.
4K and 8K Streaming Bandwidth requirement / Internet Speed
To stream 4K HDR content, one needs a 4K UHD TV with HEVC decoder and HDR support.
4K videos with a display resolution of 4096p x 2160p offer the most life-like video content on the Internet. These high definition videos have more visual information than ever about the texture, color, shapes than an HD video. Unfortunately, 4k consumes enormous amounts of data compared to SD, HD & FHD streaming. With the H264 codec, the recommended bandwidth is 32 Mbps, and with the H265 codec, it could be up to 15 Mbps. To stream 4K HDR content, one needs a 4K UHD TV with HEVC decoder and HDR support.
Even with an 8K streaming service, most people wouldn’t be able to use it. Platforms like Netflix specifies a 25 Mbps stream for 4K content. This requirement seems to quadruple as there is no H.265 standard alongside 8K to reduce the file size. Netflix consumes 3.1GB/hour at 1080p for 60fps video and even 7GB/hour at 4K. If we assume that the transition from 4K to 8K consumes an equivalent amount of bandwidth to 1080p – 4K transition, the per hour bandwidth requirement to stream 8K content would be nearly 6.44GB – 19.2GB/hour for 23.976fps content. This is still a high bandwidth rate to burn out.
The bitrate for 8K video services that use HEVC is between 85 Mbps for satellite and 65 Mbps for OTT.
When you implement Content Aware Encoding (CAE) used in combination with HEVC, you can lower the bit rate for 8K distribution by another 50%. CAE leverages the mechanics of the human eye to assess video quality and optimize encoding parameters in real-time.
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