Video Production Tips: Pain Points & Solutions – What are your Suggestions?

Video production involves several stages, each with its unique set of challenges. Some common pain points in video production are:

1. Pre-production planning: To avoid delays, budget overruns, and scope creep, video production teams should establish clear goals and objectives, outline the desired outcome, and develop a detailed production plan that aligns with the production budget and scope. Project management software can help manage tasks, set deadlines, and monitor progress, while regular meetings and status reports can keep everyone on the same page.

2. Equipment-related issues: To prevent equipment failures or inadequacies, video production teams should invest in quality equipment, perform regular maintenance and testing, and have backup equipment on hand. Additionally, having a skilled technician on the team or on call can quickly resolve equipment-related issues and reduce downtime.

3. Creative and technical collaboration: Video production teams can improve creative and technical collaboration by establishing clear communication channels and processes, involving everyone in the brainstorming phase, and setting realistic expectations about the project’s technical feasibility. One solution is to use a review and approval platform that collects feedback and changes from all team members and keeps everyone informed about progress.

4. Time constraints: To manage tight video production timelines, video production teams should prioritize tasks, establish clear timelines with deadlines, and allow for some flexibility. Outsourcing some tasks or using pre-made templates and resources can also save time and reduce workload.

5. Post-production challenges: To avoid post-production delays, video production teams should establish a clear post-production plan, including deadlines, resources needed, and project milestones. Collaborating with a post-production specialist or outsourcing some post-production tasks can also help manage the workload and free up resources and time.

6. Delivery and distribution: To ensure a smooth delivery and distribution process, video production teams should carefully consider the delivery platform and format and create multiple versions for different devices and platforms. Using cloud storage platforms can make sharing and delivering large files easier.

7. Budget and finances: To stay within the allocated budget, video production teams should create a detailed budget plan, track expenses, and prioritize expenses according to project needs. Being transparent about the budget and communicating any potential expenses can reduce surprises and avoid overruns.

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Why We Care: PTP Clocks Hierarchy

PTP (Precision Time Protocol) is a protocol used for synchronizing clocks in a network. It is a time synchronization protocol that is designed to provide high-precision time and frequency synchronization for networked devices.

PTP (Precision Time Protocol) is an IEEE 1588 standard protocol that synchronizes real-time clocks of connected nodes in a distributed system using a network. This protocol establishes a leader-follower hierarchy among the nodes (referred to as clocks) where followers synchronize with their leaders, and the leader-follower relationship is determined by a Best Master Clock (BMC) algorithm. Through dynamic relationship determination, the PTP network can simplify the interconnect graph, resolving cycles down to a tree of leaders and followers. The grandmaster, located at the root of the tree, synchronizes with GPS and serves as the ultimate leader for all clocks. Interior nodes in this network are called boundary clocks (BC) and have follower ports and one or more leader ports. PTP can achieve high accuracy, even within sub-microsecond limits on local networks.

PTP works by sending time signals between devices, a best grandmaster, leader, and a follower clocks. The best grandmaster clock sends synchronization messages to leader clocks, and the leader clocks adjust their clock frequency and time to match the best grandmaster clock. The leader clocks send synchronization messages over their network(s), and the follower clocks adjusts their clock frequency and time to match the leader clock. Again, aka boundary clocks. PTP uses precise hardware timestamps to measure the time between devices.

PTP is often used in real-time systems, where accurate timing is essential, such as in audio and video production or industrial automation. It can also be used in some communication networks, such as 5G and industrial Ethernet.

Each of the following company’s products support and /or generate PTP:

1. Leader Electronics Corporation offers the LT8900 and the LT8910A PTP Time Server/Grandmaster Clocks, both of which are designed to provide accurate PTP synchronization for broadcast and post-production applications. The devices generate IEEE 1588-2008 PTP packets with sub-microsecond timing accuracy and support PTP profiles such as the Audio-Video Profile (PTP AV) and the IEEE Power Profile. They also feature two independent 10 Gigabit Ethernet interfaces, allowing for redundant operation and the ability to simultaneously serve as a Network Time Protocol (NTP) server. The LT8910A additionally offers dual electrical inputs, enabling it to function as a redundant PTP Grandmaster clock.

2. Cisco Systems, Inc. offers a range of PTP solutions, including routers, switches, and network interface cards that support IEEE 1588v2. Some of the models that support PTP generation and/or synchronization include the Cisco Catalyst 9300 Series Switches, the Cisco 9200 Series Switches, the Cisco NCS 1002, the Cisco NCS 540 Series Routers, and the Cisco NCS 560 Series Routers. These devices provide high-precision timing capabilities for a range of applications, including 5G mobile networks, industrial automation, and financial trading. They can serve as a PTP Grandmaster clock, Leader clock and/or follower, depending on the application requirements, and have features such as hardware timestamping, clock quality monitoring, and PTP profiles for specific industries.

3. Riedel Communications offers the MediorNet MN-C-OPT-HDMI PTP Media Interface Card, which is designed to provide PTP support and synchronization for its MediorNet media network. The card supports SMPTE ST 2059 PTP profiles and is capable of acting as both a PTP Grandmaster clock and a PTP client. It features multiple input and output ports, including an HDMI port for timecode distribution, and has a high-precision oscillator for sub-microsecond timing synchronization. The card also supports redundancy, multi-casting of PTP messages, and monitoring and configuration via a web-based interface. Additionally, Riedel’s Artist and Bolero communications systems offer PTP synchronization for intercom communication applications.

4. Meinberg Funkuhren offers a variety of PTP Time Servers/Grandmasters that are designed to provide accurate PTP synchronization for a range of applications, including telecom, financial trading, and industrial automation. Some of the models include the LANTIME M900/M600/M4000 PTP Time Servers and the IMS – M400 Industrial PTP Time Server. These Time Servers support IEEE 1588-2008 PTP profiles and various ITU-T G.827x telecom profiles such as G.8275.1 and G.8275.2. They can serve as a PTP Grandmaster clock, Leader, and/or follower clock, depending on the application requirements, and offer features such as hardware timestamping, fault-tolerant design, and redundant power supplies. Meinberg also offers PTP software and network interface cards that support PTP generation and synchronization.

5. Tektronix offers a range of PTP hardware and software products that support PTP generation, including time servers, grandmasters, and clients that generate and measure PTP signals with high accuracy and precision. These devices are specifically designed for PTP and are capable of supporting PTPv1, PTPv2, and PTP-RA.

6. Juniper Networks provides networking equipment that supports PTP generation, including network switches and routers that are capable of handling PTP traffic, as well as software tools for the configuration and management of PTP networks. Juniper’s devices are designed to support PTPv2 and can be used in a variety of PTP network architectures.

7. Ross Video offers PTP generation solutions for the broadcast industry, including PTP time code generators and servers that are designed to synchronize video and audio signals across multiple cameras and equipment. These devices support PTPv2 and PTP-RA and are specifically designed for the broadcast environment.

8. Mellanox Technologies provides network adapters and switches that support PTP generation, allowing for the transmission and synchronization of time-critical data across high-speed networks. Mellanox’s devices support PTPv2 and can be used in a variety of PTP network architectures, including data center and telecommunications applications. Nvidia does not offer a Precision Time Protocol (PTP) implementation as a standalone product. However, Nvidia’s Mellanox networking solutions product line includes NICs (network interface cards) and switches that support PTP as well as other timing protocols such as Network Time Protocol (NTP), Precision Time Protocol (PTP), and IEEE 802.1AS.

These products help enable synchronization throughout data centers and other networked deployments that require tight synchronization between multiple devices, such as high-performance computing, financial trading, media and entertainment industries, and industrial control systems. In addition to PTP support, Nvidia Mellanox’s networking solutions offer low-latency and high-bandwidth capabilities, making them well-suited for demanding applications.

9. Spectracom specializes in precise timing solutions, including PTP servers and PTP-enabled network devices for PTP generation. Spectracom’s devices support PTPv1, PTPv2, and PTP-RA and are designed to provide high levels of accuracy and precision for a variety of industries, including telecommunications, defense, and finance. They also offer software tools for PTP network analysis and management.

10. Selenio Media Communications offers support for various versions of Precision Time Protocol (PTP), including PTPv1, PTPv2, and PTP Profile for Professional Broadcast Applications (PTP-RA). This enables customers to synchronize media processing and transport devices in IP-based broadcasting systems with sub-microsecond accuracy. It offers a single timing source and does not have built-in redundancy.

Note: this is not an exhaustive list of PTP generators or supporters thereof.

In summary, the main differences between PTP offerings are the level of accuracy, redundancy, and interoperability features they offer, allowing customers to select the product that best suits their requirements for timing accuracy, scalability, and reliability.

I’ve been asked if I’m being paid for this post. No, I am not being paid to share this information, nor do I work for any named company within the article.

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Sports Broadcasting 4K Stack

In the context of sports HD broadcasting, a 4K stack usually refers to the technical infrastructure required for live production and delivery of 4K Ultra High Definition (UHD) content. This typically includes specialized cameras, video switchers, routers, servers, storage systems, encoders, and decoders that are specifically designed to handle high-resolution video streams.

Building a 4K stack for sports HD broadcasting requires a combination of hardware and software solutions that are optimized for low-latency, high-bandwidth video processing and delivery. Here are some key considerations to keep in mind:

1. Choose the right equipment: Select cameras, switchers, encoders, and other equipment that are designed to handle 4K UHD content, and ensure that they are compatible with one another and your network infrastructure.

2. Use high-capacity storage: 4K UHD video requires a significant amount of storage capacity, so it’s important to use high-capacity storage systems that can handle the large amounts of data generated by live sports broadcasts.

3. Optimize your network: Make sure that your network infrastructure is capable of handling the bandwidth requirements of 4K UHD video streams, and that it is properly configured to minimize latency and ensure reliable data transmission.

4. Utilize specialized software: Use specialized video processing software that is optimized for 4K UHD video and can handle the unique demands of live sports broadcasts, such as fast-paced action, multiple camera angles, and dynamic lighting conditions.

There are several products available for specialized video processing software that is optimized for 4K UHD sports broadcasts. Some of the popular ones include:

• EVS XT4K – A specialized server system that provides live slow-motion replay, super slow-motion, and on-the-fly editing capabilities for 4K content.

• Grass Valley K-Frame V-series – A live production switcher that supports 4K UHD resolution and provides advanced features such as HDR support, up/down/cross-conversion, and color correction.

• Avid MediaCentral – A comprehensive media management and workflow platform that provides real-time collaboration, content distribution, and automated processing capabilities for 4K UHD video.

• Blackmagic Design ATEM 4 M/E Broadcast Studio 4K – A live production switcher that supports 4K UHD resolution and provides advanced features such as multi-camera switching, chroma keying, and 3D graphics.

• Sony HDC-5500 – A 4K UHD system camera that includes advanced features such as high-speed image capture, remote control capabilities, and image stabilization for capturing fast-paced sports action.

• Ross Video Carbonite Ultra – A live production switcher that supports 4K UHD resolution and provides advanced features such as customizable macros, multi-screen outputs, and virtual set creation.

• Panasonic’s Kairos video processing platform is designed to handle 4K UHD video, including fast-paced sports action. The system can support multiple video inputs, including baseband, IP, and NDI sources, and provides real-time switching and four layers of DVE with key and fill. 

Additionally, Kairos has an optional hardware accelerator that can be added to the system to handle up to 16 4K inputs and 8 4K outputs, providing the necessary processing power to handle the demands of live sports broadcasts.

Its flexible architecture and scalable design, Kairos offers a solution that can handle the unique requirements of live 4K UHD sports video production.

These products are designed to handle the complex requirements of live 4K UHD sports broadcasting and enable production teams to deliver high-quality, engaging coverage of sporting events.

By following these best practices, you can build a 4K stack for sports HD broadcasting that is capable of delivering high-resolution video and allowing viewers to experience the action in stunning detail.

Some Sports Networks / Broadcasters have built their 4K stack for sports broadcasting through a combination of hardware and software solutions. Here are some key components and technologies used by them to deliver 4K sports broadcasts:

1. Cameras:  Broadcasters use specialized 4K UHD cameras that are capable of capturing high-quality sports footage with stunning detail and clarity. These cameras are typically positioned around the arena or stadium to capture multiple angles of the action.

• Sony, Panasonic, Canon, and Red are all popular choices for 4K broadcast cameras.

2. Production equipment:  Broadcasters use specialized video production equipment that is designed to handle the high-resolution video streams generated by 4K UHD cameras. This includes video switchers, graphics systems, and other production equipment that is optimized for 4K UHD workflows.

• Brands like Grass Valley, Ross Video, and Blackmagic Design offer a range of specialized production equipment for 4K broadcasts.

3. Network infrastructure:  Broadcasters havr built a high-bandwidth network infrastructure that is capable of handling the large amounts of data generated by 4K UHD video streams. This includes high-speed fiber optic connections, IP video delivery, and other networking technologies.

• Companies like Arista Networks, Cisco, and Juniper Networks provide network infrastructure solutions that are optimized for high-bandwidth 4K streaming.

4. Storage and encoding:  Sport Broadcasters use specialized storage systems and video encoding software to capture, process, and deliver 4K UHD video streams in real-time. This includes high-capacity storage and encoding systems that can handle the large amounts of data generated by live sports broadcasts.

• Brands like EVS, Harmonic, and Telestream offer specialized storage and encoding systems that are designed to handle the large amounts of data generated by 4K broadcasts.

5. Display technology: Finally, Sports Broadcasters work with technology partners to ensure that their 4K UHD broadcasts can be viewed on a range of consumer devices, including 4K UHD televisions and streaming devices. They use technologies like High Dynamic Range (HDR) to ensure that the image quality and color accuracy of their broadcasts meet the highest standards.

• Brands like Sony, Samsung, LG, and Vizio are all popular brands for 4K UHD televisions, while streaming devices like Roku, Amazon Fire TV, and Apple TV are widely used for delivering 4K content to viewers.

By leveraging these components and technologies, Broadcasters have been able to build a 4K stack that is capable of delivering stellar sports broadcasts with breathtaking detail and clarity.

It’s important to note that these brands and models are only examples and many Sports Broadcasters may use different equipment depending on the specific needs of their broadcasts.

End note:  I am not currently an employee of, and I was not paid by any named company in this article for the information.

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Staying Connected – Intercom Overview:

Comms are an essential for BroadcastTV, A/V, Theater, Enterprise Events, and so much more.

Intercom Brands and Applications

• Clear-Com Intercoms: Used in live events, broadcast production, theater, corporate AV, and government/military installations.
• CommLink Intercoms: Designed for use in professional intercom applications in the broadcasting, live production, and AV fields.

• RTS Intercoms: Used in live events, broadcast production, theater, and military applications.
• Telex Intercoms: Used in live events, broadcast production, public safety, and aviation applications.
• Pliant Technologies intercoms: Used in live events, broadcast production, theater, sports, and corporate AV.
• ASL intercoms: Used in live events, broadcast production, theaters, sports arenas, and corporate AV.
•Beyerdynamic intercoms: Used in radio and TV broadcasting, film production, theater, and event technology.
• Bolero wireless intercom systems: Used in live events, broadcast production, theater, and sports.
• Cuelight: Used in broadcast, studio, and video production applications.
• Digital Partyline: Used in live events, broadcast production, and theater.
• Gamecom Wired Communication System: Designed for gaming applications.
• HelixNet Digital Partyline: Used in broadcast production, live events, theater, and industrial comms.
• HME DX Series Wireless Intercoms: Used in broadcast production, live events, sports, and theater.
• Hybrid Intercom System: Used in broadcasting, theater, and event production.
• KP-Series Key Panels: Used in broadcast production, theater, live events, and corporate AV.
• LQ Series IP Connectivity: Used for IP-based intercom and audio networking.
• PL Pro MS-232 Remote Control Unit: Used in broadcast production, live events, theater, and corporate AV.
• PortaCom Intercom Systems: Used in broadcast production, theater, and live events.
• Radio Active Design Intercom Systems: Used in broadcast production, live events, and television studios.
• RadioCom Wireless Intercoms: Used in broadcast production, live events, and theater.
• Studio Technologies Intercoms: Used in broadcast production, live events, and theater.
• Tronios Intercoms: Used for stage communication in small to medium-sized events and theaters.
• Unity Intercoms: Used in broadcast production, live events, theater, and corporate AV.
• Vega wireless intercom systems: Used in broadcast production, live events, theater, sports, and corporate AV.
• Wireless Intercom System (WiS): Used in broadcast production, live events, sports, theaters, and corporate AV.

Quick Reference: CDNs

A CDN (Content Delivery Network) is a geographically distributed network of servers that helps deliver content (such as web pages, images, videos, etc.) to users from servers that are geographically closer to them, resulting in faster page load times and better user experience.

A CDN typically works by storing cached copies of a website’s content on multiple servers distributed across different geographic locations, called edge servers. When a user requests content from the website, the CDN automatically redirects the request to the server that is geographically closest to the user, reducing latency and minimizing network congestion. The CDN also helps to distribute network load and protect against Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, among other benefits.

Edge servers are a key component of CDN architecture. They are small-scale data centers that are strategically placed in multiple distributed locations around the world, as close to end-users as possible. 

When a user requests content from a website, the nearest edge server to the user intercepts the request and serves the cached content that exists on that edge server itself. If the content is not available, the edge server pulls it from the origin server, caches it locally, and then serves it to the requesting user.

Edge servers are designed to handle high traffic loads and to deliver content with low latency and minimal network congestion. They help improve the performance and reliability of websites by reducing the distance that data needs to travel, and by distributing network load across multiple servers.

25 CDN companies and what broadcasters generally use them for:

  1. Akamai – Used for live streaming, software downloads and website optimization.
  2. Cloudflare – Used for DDoS protection, load balancing and website optimization.
  3. Amazon CloudFront – Used for video on demand streaming, software downloads and website optimization.
  4. Fastly – Used for video streaming, website acceleration and API acceleration.
  5. Limelight – Used for online video, gaming, file downloads and website acceleration.
  6. Google Cloud CDN – Used for website optimization and application delivery.
  7. Verizon Digital Media Services – Used for video streaming, website acceleration and security.
  8. StackPath – Used for website security, bandwidth savings and website acceleration.
  9. CDN77 – Used for video streaming and website acceleration.
  10. KeyCDN – Used for website acceleration and video streaming.
  11. Microsoft Azure CDN – Used for website optimization, application delivery and video streaming.
  12. OnApp – Used for website acceleration and cloud-based applications.
  13. Rackspace Cloud Files – Used for data storage and content delivery.
  14. Internap – Used for CDN and hosting services.
  15. Instart Logic – Used for website and application acceleration.
  16. CenturyLink CDN – Used for media streaming and website acceleration.
  17. CDN.net – Used for website acceleration and video streaming.
  18. BelugaCDN – Used for website acceleration and content delivery.
  19. G-Core Labs – Used for website acceleration, video streaming and gaming.
  20. Tata Communications – Used for online video, website acceleration and content delivery.
  21. Mirror Image – Used for website acceleration and video streaming.
  22. CacheFly – Used for website acceleration and video streaming.
  23. Varnish Software – Used for website acceleration and API acceleration.
  24. Aryaka – Used for cloud-based network and application acceleration.
  25. Highwinds – Used for content delivery, live video streaming and website acceleration.

Note: This list is not exhaustive and there are more CDN companies in the market.

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The power of AI’s Coverletter Writing

I asked an AI app to “Write me a 3 paragraph cover letter in less than 300 words for the following job description:

Responsibilities:
· Configure, service, and support all aspects of on-air and post-production broadcast automation systems, specifically network configurations, remote encoders, and control platforms.
· Provide technical (hardware, software, and networking) support for NY-based Post Production facility including Adobe Premiere, Dalet, Microsoft, Linux, and Apple Operating systems, IP networking, and video equipment including EVS.
· Coordinate and execute new project initiatives while protecting air and providing standard day-to-day troubleshooting and maintenance functions on all broadcast network systems.
· Provide system integration in both production and post-production infrastructure, including but not limited to: System build-out and integration, cable fabrication, cable installation, equipment installation, and documentation creation/revision.
· Support, troubleshoot, and maintain the integrity and security of the storage area networks and asset management systems.
· Document system and facility changes to increase visibility and collaboration between operations and engineering partners.
· Manage Transcode and administer ingest/media automation systems.

QUALIFICATIONS:
Required:
· At least 4 years of On-Air and/or Post Production systems experience.
· Experience using and troubleshooting production/post-production software (Adobe Premiere, After Effects, Chyron-based Graphic Systems, Media Asset Management Systems etc.).
· Proficiency in Microsoft, Linux, and Apple Operating systems.
· Knowledge of Microsoft Active Directory authentication, Group Policy Objects, LDAP, and policy-based security.
· Knowledge of Network infrastructure and operations, including subnet and VLAN implementation, and Cisco switch configuration.
· Knowledge of Quantum Stornext SAN and LTO Archive library systems.
· Comprehension of a Fibre Channel and DLC connected SAN environment, related hardware, and networking protocols.
· Knowledge of VMWare Virtualization.
· Knowledge of EVS and router control systems
· Knowledge of Thinclient concepts.
· Knowledge of NDI tools and IP Video Standards (2110)
· Familiarity with IP addressing, file and directory permissions, and networking concepts and terminologies.
· Excellent documentation, communication, & organization skills. Demonstrated ability in troubleshooting & analysis.
· Building and maintaining asset management and file-delivery workflows with full visibility to team partners and customers
· Strong team player – collaborates well with others to solve problems and actively incorporates input from various sources.
· Demonstrated customer focus – evaluates decisions through the eyes of the operational customer; builds strong relationships and creates processes with customer viewpoint.
· Effectively communicate the status of systems and actions within the production environment, including risk assessment, both verbally and through documentation to internal and external stakeholders
· Change oriented – actively generates process improvements; supports and drives change.
· Ability to work well in a fast-paced live broadcast environment.
· Ability to work nights, weekends, and holidays as required.

The following is the AI’s response: I believe the AI’s writing is a bit “arrogant”, so with some tweaks the letter wouldn’t be bad at all. The AI app gave me a good “shell” to start from.

Dear Hiring Manager, (if you have the person’s name, delete hiring manager, and input the person’s name to personalize the cover letter).

I am writing to apply for the role of Broadcast Automation Systems Engineer at your prestigious Post Production facility in New York. With over 5 years of experience in On-Air and Post Production systems, I believe that I am a perfect fit for the job. I am proficient in Adobe Premiere, Dalet, Microsoft, Linux, and Apple Operating systems, IP networking, and video equipment, including EVS systems. My expertise in troubleshooting and analyzing system issues, combined with a strong customer focus, will enable me to effectively communicate system status and drive process improvements.

As a Broadcast Automation Systems Engineer, I have an extensive knowledge of network configurations, remote encoders, and control platforms. I have provided technical hardware, software, and networking support for several key systems, including Quantum Stornext SAN and LTO Archive library systems, and have demonstrated effective collaboration with the operations and engineering teams to ensure seamless integration of systems with existing production infrastructure.

I am familiar with IP addressing, file, and directory permissions, and networking concepts and terminologies, which I have leveraged to build and maintain asset management and file-delivery workflows that offer full visibility to team partners and customers. I am a strong team player with excellent documentation, communication, and organization skills, and I am confident that I will make significant contributions to your team, helping to coordinate and execute new project initiatives while protecting air and providing standard day-to-day troubleshooting and maintenance functions on your broadcast network systems.

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to discussing my qualifications, skills, and experience in greater detail.

Sincerely,
[Your Name]

AI Evolving

Artificial intelligence (AI) is evolving rapidly in many different ways, driven by advances in technology, research, and data availability. Here are some of the key trends in AI evolution:

1. Machine learning (ML) algorithms are becoming more sophisticated and capable, allowing AI systems to analyze and recognize patterns in increasingly complex data sets. This is enabling the development of AI applications that can perform more advanced tasks such as natural language processing, image and speech recognition, and predictive analytics.

2. Deep learning (DL) is a subset of machine learning that is specifically designed to process high-dimensional data sets, such as images and speech, more effectively. DL algorithms use multiple layers of interconnected artificial neurons to simulate the function of a human brain, resulting in more accurate and efficient performance.

3. Reinforcement learning is a type of machine learning that uses trial and error to learn from experience. Here, the AI system is rewarded for making correct decisions and penalized for making incorrect ones, allowing it to improve its performance over time.

4. Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are a type of machine learning that allows the AI system to learn about the structure of data by generating new examples that are indistinguishable from real ones. GANs have many applications, such as creating realistic images and videos, improving natural language generation, and creating realistic animations.

5. AI systems are also becoming more collaborative, with multi-agent systems emerging that allow multiple AI agents to work together to achieve a common goal. This is enabling the development of more complex AI applications, such as intelligent autonomous vehicles and smart cities.

Overall, AI is evolving rapidly and its applications are expanding rapidly, with new breakthroughs and advancements being made every day. As the technology continues to evolve, it is expected to play an increasingly important role in shaping the world around us, enabling new possibilities and driving innovation in many different fields.

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Broadcasting Tips: QC’ing and Transcoding files

In media production, building QC (quality check) and transcode files for use in manual and automated workflows typically involves the following steps:

1. Determine the specifications: Identify the technical requirements for the media file based on the delivery platform or distribution channels. This includes file format, resolution, aspect ratio, bit rate, frame rate, audio format, and other technical parameters.

2. Encode or transcode: Once the file specifications are defined, use a transcoding software to encode or transcode the media file to the desired specifications. This process converts the file from its original format to the required delivery format. Ensure the output quality is up to the expected standards.

Note: Encoding and transcoding are both processes of converting digital media files from one format to another. However, there is a distinction between these two processes that is important to understand.

Encoding refers to the process of compressing digital media files into a specific format to reduce file size while retaining as much quality as possible. This compression can be lossless or lossy, depending on the encoding method used.

Transcoding, on the other hand, involves taking an already compressed media file and re-compressing it into a different format or bitrate. This can involve changing the media file’s resolution, aspect ratio, frame rate or other technical parameters.

While both encoding and transcoding can be used to reduce file sizes, encoding typically involves compressing high-quality files for use in delivery platforms while transcoding focuses more on adapting existing media files to suit a variety of distribution and delivery platforms.

The main difference lies in the fact that encoding is the process of compressing an un-compressed file for storage or streaming purposes, while transcoding is the process of converting an already compressed file into a different format, resolution, and/or bit rate.

3. QC check: Once the file is transcoded, it must be tested to ensure it meets technical specifications and quality levels. This can be done manually or through an automated quality control system that checks for technical issues such as pixelation, color accuracy, brightness, and resolution.

To specifically test QC’d video and ensure it meets technical specifications and quality levels, you can follow these steps:

• Check the video resolution: Ensure the video resolution matches the intended output specifications. For instance, if the video is meant for a 1080p output, verify that the resolution is 1920×1080.

• Verify aspect ratio: Verify if the aspect ratio of the video is correct. This can typically be set to 16:9 or 4:3.

• Check bit rate: Verify that the video’s bit rate meets specified requirements. This will affect the video quality, and too high or too low bit rates can result in poor quality.

• Test audio quality: Check audio levels, clarity, and timing. Ensure audio levels don’t clip or distort, and that the audio is synced correctly to the video.

• Check color and exposure: Verify the color accuracy and exposure levels of the video. Ensure that the colors are not too saturated or de-saturated and that the exposure levels are not too bright or too dark.

• Run tests for technical issues: Quality control software can automate this step by running a series of automated tests to check for technical issues. Some common issues software can detect include pixelation, interlacing, dropouts, and compression errors.

Here are ten series of automated tests that are commonly used to check for technical issues in the broadcast media industry’s QC process:

– Video signal analysis: This involves analyzing the video signal to detect issues such as missing or duplicate frames, video compression artifacts, and signal dropout.

– Audio level analysis: This involves analyzing the audio levels to verify that they are within acceptable levels and that there are no audio dropouts.

– Lip sync analysis: This test checks that the audio and video are in sync with each other, with no noticeable delays or desyncs.

– Closed captioning analysis: This involves analyzing the closed caption data to ensure that they are synced correctly with the audio and video.

– Loudness compliance analysis: This test ensures that audio levels comply with relevant loudness guidelines, such as CALM Act.

– Video quality metrics: This measures various video quality metrics, such as Peak Signal-to-Noise ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity (SSIM) and Mean Opinion Scores (MOS), to ensure that the video is of high quality.

– Aspect ratio and resolution compliance: This test ensures that the video’s aspect ratio and resolution comply with relevant specifications.

– Subtitle and caption compliance: This verifies that subtitles and captions adhere to standards and are free from errors.

– Compression analysis: This test checks that the video encoding and compression have been applied correctly, and verifies that bitrates aren’t too high or low.

– Color and gamma analysis: This test verifies correct color space and level and image brightness or dark values through gamma analysis. 

These automated tests help ensure that broadcast media content is delivered to its intended specifications, and adheres to industry standards for technical quality.

– Check for legal compliance: Verify that the video does not contain any copyright infringements or other legal compliance issues.

4. Review and revise: Once QC checks are complete, review the results and revise any errors or issues that were found. This can involve making additional cuts, color correction, or other adjustments.

5. File-naming convention and metadata: Consistent file naming convention and metadata is essential to ensure the media assets are managed and distributed optimally. Using a bespoke asset management system or media production software that tag and track the files and the corresponding metadata allows for efficient and accurate searching and retrieval for the use of the assets in future projects.

By following these steps, media producers can ensure that their assets are optimized for different platforms and workflows while also making sure that the files meet the required technical standards for delivery.

Logistics Gymnastics: Making it work

Technology plays a crucial role in logistics and supply chain management. Here are some examples of vital technologies used in logistics and supply chain management:

  1. Transportation management systems (TMS)
  2. Warehouse management systems (WMS)
  3. Global positioning systems (GPS)
  4. Radio-frequency identification (RFID)
  5. Automated guided vehicles (AGVs)
  6. Drones
  7. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML)
  8. Big data analytics
  9. Blockchain technology
  10. Cloud computing
  11. Mobile devices and applications
  12. Electronic data interchange (EDI)
  13. Electronic logging devices (ELDs)
  14. Telematics

These technologies can be used for a variety of purposes such as optimizing routes, tracking shipments, managing inventory, and improving supply chain visibility. By leveraging these technologies, companies can enhance their efficiency, reduce costs, and provide better overall service to their customers.

The C-Suite: What is it, and tips to get there

The term “C-Suite” refers to the highest-ranking executive officers within a company or organization, such as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Chief Financial Officer (CFO), Chief Operations Officer (COO), Chief Marketing Officer (CMO), and Chief Technology Officer (CTO).

To seek out opportunities to demonstrate your leadership capabilities and produce results that can be recognized by senior executives in broadcasting, you can take the following steps:

1. Take on challenging projects: Seek out challenging projects that require you to lead a team and produce measurable results. Set clear goals and develop a plan to achieve them. Take ownership of the project and demonstrate your leadership skills by guiding your team towards success.

2. Collaborate with other departments: Work collaboratively with other departments within your organization to support shared goals. Build relationships with stakeholders and demonstrate your ability to communicate effectively and coordinate resources to achieve common objectives.

3. Mentor and coach junior staff: Establish yourself as a leader by mentoring and coaching junior staff. Share your knowledge and expertise with others, and encourage them to develop their skills and abilities. Show that you have a deep understanding of the industry and can support the growth and development of others.

4. Seek out training and development opportunities: Attend training and development opportunities that can enhance your leadership skills. This could be formal training courses or informal peer-to-peer learning opportunities.

5. Be innovative and agile: Be open to new ideas and technologies, and demonstrate agility in adapting to changing circumstances. Take a creative approach to problem-solving and continuously seek out ways to improve processes and outcomes.

6. Communicate accomplishments: Keep senior executives informed of your successes and results. Communicate effectively and clearly to show how your leadership has contributed to the success of specific projects or overall organizational goals.

By taking these steps, you can seek out opportunities to demonstrate your leadership capabilities and produce results that can be recognized by senior executives in broadcasting.


1. Develop a specialized skill or area of expertise: To stand out as a potential candidate for a C-level position, it is essential to develop a specialized skill or area of expertise that is in high demand within your industry.

To become a C-suite executive in broadcasting, you might need a combination of the following specialized skills or areas of expertise:

• Leadership: The ability to inspire and lead teams is critical for anyone aspiring to a C-suite position in broadcasting. You should be capable of creating a vision for your organization, setting strategic goals, and motivating your team to achieve them.

• Communication: Broadcasting is all about communication, and you should be adept at both written and verbal communication. Strong communication skills are essential for sharing information, building relationships and negotiating with stakeholders, including advertisers, production teams, and key talent.

• Technical expertise: To gain credibility with your team and have an understanding of the broadcast industry’s technical aspects, you should have some technical expertise in broadcasting. This knowledge can include familiarity with broadcasting hardware and software, audiovisual equipment, and communication platforms.

• Creativity and innovation: Broadcasting is an exciting and ever-changing industry, and to thrive in it, you need to be creative and innovative. The ability to generate new programming concepts, adapt to emerging technologies, and engage with your audience is increasingly important in today’s hyper-competitive media landscape.

• Business savvy: As a C-suite executive, you will need to have business acumen beyond just the broadcasting industry. You should have an understanding of finance, marketing, and operations, as well as the ability to create efficient and effective business strategies to grow your organization.

Overall, developing a combination of leadership, communication, technical expertise, creativity, innovation, and business savvy can help you become a C-suite executive in broadcasting. It is important to build a diverse set of skills and continuously improve yourself to stand out from the competition.

2. Build a track record of success: By consistently delivering positive results and demonstrating leadership capabilities, you can establish a strong track record of success that will help you stand out as a potential candidate for C-Level positions.

To deliver positive results and demonstrate leadership capabilities effectively, you can follow these tips:

• Set clear goals: Clearly defining your goals for your team and your organization can help you stay focused and create a clear path towards success. Goals should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound.

• Communicate effectively: Effective communication is critical in broadcasting, whether you are interacting with colleagues, stakeholders or the audience. To communicate effectively, you should tailor your communication styles to suit different audiences and use simple language, storytelling, and empathy to convey your message.

• Lead by example: Leaders who lead by example create a positive and high-performance culture. Be a role model for your team, set the standard for excellence, and demonstrate the behaviour you expect from others.

• Delegate responsibility: Delegation can free up time and help you focus on key activities that require your expertise. It also helps develop your team’s skills, builds trust, and reinforces accountability.

• Embrace innovation: Broadcasting is an industry that is rapidly evolving, and to stay ahead of the curve, you need to embrace innovation. Encourage your team to experiment, take risks, and be creative with new ideas and technologies.

• Recognize and reward success: Celebrate milestone achievements, recognize successes, and reward top performers. Positive feedback can help boost morale and reinforce positive behavior.

• Continuously learn and grow: The broadcasting industry is evolving rapidly, and to stay current, you need to continuously learn and grow. Attend industry events, read relevant materials, network with peers, and seek out opportunities to expand your knowledge and skills.

By following these tips, you can deliver positive results and demonstrate leadership capabilities effectively in broadcasting as well as many other industries.

3. Seek out leadership opportunities: Seeking out opportunities within your organization to lead projects or teams can help you demonstrate your leadership capabilities and produce results that can be recognized by senior executives.

To seek out opportunities to demonstrate your leadership capabilities and produce results that can be recognized by senior executives, you can take the following steps:

• Take on challenging projects: Seek out challenging projects that require you to lead a team and produce measurable results. Set clear goals and develop a plan to achieve them. Take ownership of the project and demonstrate your leadership skills by guiding your team towards success.

• Collaborate with other departments: Work collaboratively with other departments within your organization to support shared goals. Build relationships with stakeholders and demonstrate your ability to communicate effectively and coordinate resources to achieve common objectives.

• Mentor and coach junior staff: Establish yourself as a leader by mentoring and coaching junior staff. Share your knowledge and expertise with others, and encourage them to develop their skills and abilities. Show that you have a deep understanding of the industry and can support the growth and development of others.

•Always be learning.  Seek out training and development opportunities: Attend training and development opportunities that can enhance your leadership skills. This could be formal training courses or informal peer-to-peer learning opportunities.

• Be innovative and agile: Be open to new ideas and technologies, and demonstrate agility in adapting to changing circumstances. Take a creative approach to problem-solving and continuously seek out ways to improve processes and outcomes.

• Communicate accomplishments:  It’s not bragging!  Keep senior executives informed of your successes and results. Communicate effectively and clearly to show how your leadership has contributed to the success of specific projects or overall organizational goals.

By taking these steps, you can seek out opportunities to demonstrate your leadership capabilities and produce results that can be recognized by senior executives.


4. Continuously learn and develop: Staying current with the latest industry trends and investing in ongoing education and professional development can help you develop the skills and knowledge needed to succeed in senior leadership roles.

Some current and latest industry trends in broadcasting include:

• Streaming services: The online streaming services continue to expand, and consumers are shifting towards watching their favorite shows on demand. OTT (over-the-top) services such as Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, and Disney+ are the key players offering original content and interacting with their viewers with interactive features.

• Virtual and Augmented Reality: Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR/AR) are becoming popular and are being used by broadcasters to enhance audience experience. It is already being used for production and broadcast of live sports.

• Interactive content: Interactive content is increasing rapidly; it encourages engagement and can offer additional value to the audience like polling, chatbots, games, and more.

• Personalized content: Personalization is becoming a significant factor as consumers demand customized and tailored content. Broadcasting services are focusing on providing tailored recommendations based on consumer interests, viewing history and behavior.

• Artificial Intelligence: AI technologies are augmenting broadcasting by enabling machine-learning algorithms, Natural Language Processing (NLP), and automated content creation.

• Social media for engagement: Social media like Twitter and Instagram is being used to drive engagement by broadcasters. These platforms are becoming a powerful marketing tool by providing connections with fans and access to real-time analytics of the audience.

• Remote production: The pandemic accelerated trends toward distributed production models, leading to remote production techniques for both pre-production and live event coverage.

These trends are shaping the broadcasting industry and aligning the market with the modern viewer’s requirements.

5. Network and build relationships: Building a network of professional connections within your industry and engaging in activities such as attending industry conferences and events can help you build relationships with key decision-makers and open up opportunities for C-level positions. 

25 current broadcast industry conferences:

IBC (International Broadcasting Convention), NAB (National Association of Broadcasters) Show, Broadcast Asia, CES (Consumer Electronics Show), NAB Radio Show, Media Finance Focus, TVOT (The TV of Tomorrow Show), Streaming Media West, Broadcast Minds, ABU Digital Broadcasting Symposium, IABM Conference, Next TV Summit & Expo, European Radio and Digital Audio Show, NABA Broadcast Technology Futures, Fates Summit, Connection Series by Digital Production Partnership, CIS Global Forum, SMPTE Motion Imaging Technology Summit, RadioDays Europe, Communications Policy Research Forum, Future Leaders Program of the Association of Public Television Stations, Sportel Monaco, Audio Engineering Society Convention, Convergence India, and Media Summit New York. Note: Some of these events may be virtual at the moment, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Overall, growing a career in the C-Suite requires a combination of strong technical skills, leadership capabilities, industry knowledge, and a strategic outlook.